Jeff Bezos, chairman, president and chief executive officer of Amazon.com, second right, rings the bell to open the trading session at the Nasdaq MarketSite with Karin McKinnell, senior director of Nasdaq, left, John Wall, president of Nasdaq International, second left, and David Weild, executive vice president for office of the Nasdaq Chief Executive Officer, far right, in New York, U.S., on Friday, Sept. 7, 2001. Photographer: John Rizzo/Bloomberg via Getty Images