Topeka, Kansas 3-5-2014 The Monroe School historic site of Brown v Board of Education, what is considered the start of the Civil rights movenment in the United States. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, ins (Photo by Mark Reinstein/Corbis via Getty Images)