Phrenology chart, showing presumed areas of activity of the brain, c1920. [Getty Images]

Phrenology chart, showing presumed areas of activity of the brain, c1920. Phrenology was a theory, propounded by the German physician Franz Joseph Gall in around 1800, that you could judge a person's emotional and intellectual characteristics by the shape of their cranium. Although not based on fact, the theory became extremely popular. (Photo by Oxford Science Archive/Print Collector/Getty Images)

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