The dura mater, the most external of the three membranes of the brain, forms the internal periosteum of the skull, and affords an excellent protection to the brain, 1899. From 'The Treatise of the Human Anatomy and Its Applications to the Practice of Medicine and Surgery, Volume I' (1899). The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meningeal veins, which course through the dura mater, and bridging veins, which drain the underlying neural tissue and puncture the dura mater, empty into these dural sinuses. (Photo by VintageMedStock/Getty Images)
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